HIV/AIDS in South Africa

South Africa has one of the highest HIV prevalence rates in the world, with millions of people living with the virus. Despite this, significant progress has been made in prevention, treatment, and awareness campaigns. The government, healthcare organisations, and NGOs continue to work towards reducing new infections and improving the lives of those affected.

What is HIV/AIDS?

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)

HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (T cells), which help the body fight infections. If left untreated, HIV weakens the immune system over time, making it harder for the body to defend itself against infections and diseases.

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)

AIDS is the most advanced stage of HIV infection. It occurs when the immune system is severely damaged, and the body can no longer fight off serious infections and diseases. At this stage, people are at high risk of opportunistic infections like tuberculosis, pneumonia, and certain cancers.

How Does HIV Spread?

HIV is transmitted through:

Unprotected sex (vaginal, anal, or oral) with an infected person
Sharing needles or syringes with someone who has HIV
Mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding (if not treated)
Blood transfusions (rare due to strict screening measures)

Symptoms of HIV

HIV symptoms vary depending on the stage of infection:

Acute HIV Infection (2-4 weeks after exposure):

Fever, sore throat, rash, swollen lymph nodes, fatigue

Chronic HIV Infection (years without treatment):

Weight loss, recurrent infections, night sweats, prolonged diarrhoea

AIDS (Advanced Stage):

Severe infections, cancers, extreme weight loss, neurological symptoms

Estimated people living with HIV

Estimated New infections per year

Estimated People on antiretroviral treatment (ART)

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Prevention Strategies

1. Condom Use: Always use condoms to prevent transmission.
2. Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP): Daily medication for high-risk individuals.
3. HIV Testing & Awareness: Regular testing helps with early detection and treatment.
4. Treatment as Prevention (U=U): People on effective ART cannot transmit HIV.
5. Needle Exchange Programmes: Reducing the risk for drug users.
6. Mother-to-Child Prevention: Early ART treatment for HIV-positive mothers.

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